Forged Memory – The Physics of Nitinol
Michael Kayne Michael Kayne

Forged Memory – The Physics of Nitinol

The most famous Shape Memory Alloy is Nitinol (Nickel-Titanium). Discovered serendipitously in a naval laboratory in 1959, it has spent decades primarily in the medical field. If you or someone you know has a cardiovascular stent, it is likely made of Nitinol. It is compressed to fit inside a tiny catheter, but once released into…

Read More
The Soft Machine – The Physics of Artificial Muscles
Michael Kayne Michael Kayne

The Soft Machine – The Physics of Artificial Muscles

To understand why a material like a Liquid Crystal Elastomer is so revolutionary in 2026, we have to look at the intersection of two very different everyday items: a rubber band and a flat-screen television.

1. The Molecular Accordion

An elastomer is simply a rubbery polymer—it can stretch and return to its original shape. Liquid crystals (the 'LC' in LCD screens) are rigid, rod-like molecules that naturally want to align themselves in…

Read More